BBC Radio 1 Breakfast Show and essay

BBC Radio 1 Breakfast Show

Facts about BBC Radio 1
BBC Radio 1 is a British radio station operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation which also broadcasts internationally, 
FM radio - Radio 1 is between 97-99 FM in the UK.
DAB radio is digital so no crackly reception!
Funded by the government, publicly funded
24 hour broadcast
Demographic 15-29
Nick Grimshaw then Greg James
9.4 million listeners a week

What is Public Service Broadcasting?

In the United Kingdom, the term "public service broadcasting" refers to broadcasting intended for public benefit rather than to serve purely commercial interests.
£150 for coloured tv license, £50 for monochrome tv license

Product and Distribution
The Radio 1 Breakfast Show with Greg James is broadcast weekdays from 06.30-10.00 am.

The Breakfast Show has been running since 1967, but Greg James took over as the 16th presenter
in 2018.

BBC Radio 1 is broadcast on FM, DAB, Freeview, Freesat, Virgin, Sky, or online via BBC Radio Player
(including via the phone or tablet app) where it can be heard live or streamed for 30 days.

It is produced by the BBC from its own studios at Broadcasting House in London.

There’s a useful BBC Academy podcast (with transcript) about how the programme is produced
http://www.bbc.co.uk/academy/articles/art20170619095219011

The music is largely playlisted – what is going to be played on daytime Radio 1 is decided by a
committee; they choose around 40 records each week for repeated daytime play

(A-list records get 25 plays a week, B-list 15, and C-list eight to 10).

Radio 1

Educate: Theresa May and Brexit plan, robot landing on mars. The educational part was more
pointed towards the older generation because they understand what is going on 

Inform: strictly come dancing, 500 migrants, 3 minute coverage, sports news, transport fare crisis,
New Zealand whales on beach, John richardson [phone], rapist escaped prison, needles in
strawberries, cricket

Entertain: funny voices, new music, laughing, merry christmas magpie, live calls [ man in the pub],
40% british artists, Simon quiz, different genres, new talent. This is more pointed towards the
younger generation because they are being funny, making you laugh and playing the new music
which the younger audience like to listen to 

Age: new music for younger audience, news for the older audience. A  lot of genres get played which
then appeals to the different ages that listen to the radio.

Gender: talk  about strictly which could link to women, Brexit for the older audience

Ethnicity: Cardi B and Tyga. Radio 1 has different ethinictys playing on their radio which shows it isnt
just a UK radio station. 


How audiences are grouped and categorised by media industries

When you review the set program you will need to identify how the Producers/R 1 develops its content to meet the needs of the target demographic

Gender: Males, Females
Age  15  - 29
Ethnicity   consider all ethnicities reflected in Britain
Region  consider news content/competitions and how it suits a UK audience
Socio-economic: consider how content might be more suited towards  an audience ranging fro
C1 E.

Male, 28, manual worker, listens to R1 BS on his way to work, (football fanatic and loves comedy)

football news/ updates and sport news will appeal to him as he is a fanatic. The merry christmas
magpie keeps playing which will make him laugh. Pub stories are being told which would appeal to a
28 year old male as they go down the pub. They have quizzes which he could get involved with on
his way to work. 

Female 17, student, listens to R1 BS via podcast and on way to college in car (loves pop music,
enjoys going to festivals).

Latest songs will appeal to her as she loves pop music and festival music which is what is played on
the radio. Easy to listen to on the way to college. Fun and light atmosphere to start the day.
They advertise festival and concert tickets so she will never miss out

(1930’s) Hypodermic Needle Model

Audiences are passive

Easily led, influenced & manipulated

Gullible, sheep-like fashion-followers

Media consumption influences the attitudes and behaviour of audiences.

People were assumed to be "uniformly controlled by their biologically based 'instincts' and that they

react more or less uniformly to whatever 'stimuli' came along”

the "Hypodermic Needle Model" uses the same idea of the "shooting" paradigm. It suggests that the

media injects its messages straight into the passive audience

Sometimes called ‘magic bullet’ theory

Linked to propaganda & advertising  (e.g. Nazi propoganda, H.g. Wells war of the world.

Audience response models

Information and Education – the viewer wants to acquire information, knowledge and

understanding by watching programmes like The News or Documentaries.

Entertainment – Viewers watch programmes for enjoyment.

Personal Identity - Viewers can recognise a person or product, role models that reflect similar values

to themselves and mimic or copy some of their characteristics.

Integration and social interaction – the ability for media products to produce a topic of conversation

between people. For example who is the best contestant on The X-factor who which was the best

goal shown on Match of the day.

Escapism – Computer games and action films let viewers escape their real lives and imagine

themselves in those situations

he uses and gratifications theory assumes the audience chooses what it wants to watch for five

different reasons.

Social Interaction
Concert tickets
Social media accounts which have the latest updates and gossips
Pub stories
Manning the phone
Call ins
Competitons
Quizzes
All of these make you feel like you are part of the show as it is interactive and gets everyone
involved.  

The programme often has the audience on the phone, Greg James encourages listeners to Phone in

and interact with guests

Producers select Tweets from listeners enabling their voice to be heard on national radio.

Weekly Quizzes engage listeners to repeat  listen throughout the week.

Social Media is one obvious way that the audience is interacting with the program, even if most of

this interaction is not ‘heard’ within the program itself it shapes the nature of the program and

the involvement gains and keeps that audience. The Radio 1 Service License 2016 is clear that this is

the whole function of their social media outlets

Funding

Radio 1

Is funded by the Television license fee. In 2016/17 Radio 1 had a budget of £34.7 million

The high level of funding available to R1 influences the quality of the programmes

Radio 1 are able to host special events (concerts, competitions etc.).

Radio 1 use this revenue to ensure that

Program content is high (guests, quizzes concerts ), quality production.

Can fund Social Media sites (twitter, Facebook, Youtube, etc)

Commercial radios

Capital Radio and Radio X have a distinctive content  linked to their Target audiences

Radio X funded by advertising revenue

Annual budget is unknown but is significantly less than Radio 1

Radio X and capital Radio struggle to match Radio 1 for quality of production and the availability

audience interaction via social media.

Maintaining audience

The Show’s audiences are declining – as are the audiences for BBC Radio 1 as a whole. As the BBC’s

Media Centre posted on

26 October 2017: ‘BBC Radio 1 posted a reach of 10.5m listeners aged 10+

(from ... 10.9m last year) and the Radio 1 Breakfast

Show with Nick

the station has 9.7 million listeners aged 15+ (from 9.59m last quarter and 9.87m last year) while

Reaching audiences

People aged between 15-24 listened to just over 14 hours of radio per week last year - seven hours

less than the average adult, and 15% less than they did a decade earlier, according to broadcasting

regulator Ofcom.

Radio 1 is suffering because its core audience is turning away from live radio. This is largely thanks to
the arrival of streaming services. 
The Breakfast Show has been losing audience numbers year-on-year since Grimshaw took over (see
above) but Grimshaw was brought in especially to develop larger audiences in its target range of 15
29 and shed the over 30s 

Why are Radio 1 listeners shrinking?

What is Radio 1 doing to try to increase audience listening?

Right now, Radio 1 doesn’t have that streaming service, so it’s targeting its 15- to 29-year

old demographic elsewhere online, because they’re aware that 42% of 15- to 24-year-olds

on social media follow their chosen radio station’s social pages, compared to 31% of those

aged 25 or older. On YouTube, Radio 1 has 3.5m subscribers compared to Radio 2’s paltry

42,069. Radio 1 has 2.55m Facebook likes compared to Radio 2’s 633,053. Radio 2 may

have higher listening figures for its live shows, but the reach of Radio 1 – particularly with

viral content – is much higher on social media than it is for Radio 2, and that’s because its

audience is younger. In your face, Radio 2!

Alongside the 10.5m listeners, our YouTube videos have received over 1.4 billion views and

we have 8.7m followers across social media.” The reason Radio 1 has so many social

media followers is because it’s producing content that works on YouTube and on social

media as well as on radio. These things are funny, they’re usually video-based, and they

just happen to act as breadcrumbs that entice people on social media to tune in. When it

gets famous guests, Radio 1 plays games like Innuendo Bingo or Playground Insults that

are rivalling Carpool Karaoke

Under 18s not listening to radio

No streaming service

More technology such as youtube and iplayer

Social media- marketing, videos, gossip

Trending jokes

Celebrity content

Gaming- innuendo, carpool karok

Phone ins

Radio X

G- Male

E- White

A- 25-44

R- British

S- C2-E

How is this reflected in the type of hosts used?

What is the impact of  Chris Moyles in joining the radio station?

Within minutes, he had been casually homophobic and sexually demeaning. Even if he’s a reformed character now, sexism isn’t only about explicit comments – exclusion is as much a part of it.

What kind of adverts are shown, how does this suit the demographic?

Is the Radio station likely to be offensive to certain groups?

Feminists

In what way is diversity limited as evident in the show hosts and type of music aired?

Older generation 

Consider the Radio 1 Breakfast show in what way is PSB broadcasting a more inclusive 

environment compared to Radio X?

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Essay

Radio 1 breakfast show is a British radio station operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation which also broadcasts internationally. It broadcasts weekdays from 06:30-10:00 am with Greg James, who is the 16th presenter. The breakfast show has been running since 1967. It is a broadcast on FM, DAB, Freeview, Virgin, Sky or online via player where it can be heard live or streamed for 30 days. 
The target audience for the breakfast show is on the decline. This is down to the fact that there is no streaming service which would obviously put 15-29 year olds off as they live on social media. 
42% of 15-24 year olds on social media follow their chosen radio station pages, compared to 31% of those aged 25 or older.
Youtube: radio 1 has 3.5m subscribers compared to Radio 2's 42,069
Facebook: 2.55m likes compared to Radio 2 633,053
Radio 2 may have higher listening figures for it's live shows, but the reach for Radio 1 is much higher on social media than Radio 2 because its audience is younger
The reason Radio 1 has so many social media followers is because its producing content that works on Youtube and on social media, such as: famous guests, games: innuendo bingo, insults, carpool karaoke
Under 18 not listening to radio
No streaming service
More technology such as iplayer
Social media: gossip, videos
jokes
celeb content
phone ins
Losing audience numbers year on year since Grimshaw took over, but he was brought in to develop a larger audience in the range of 15-20

The Big Issue Part 2

The Big Issue Part 2

7,000 soldiers are left to "rot" on the streets which is such an awful thought. They aren't literally left to "rot", but the Daily Express, a right wing newspaper, described them as rotting. Ex Veterans fall into homelessness as they have no support and money when they leave the war. They have to jump from job to job because they cannot hold one down due to their medical issues and ptsd from the war. Ex soldiers have to wait over 2 years to be seen by medical professionals, and by then, a lot of them have committed suicide because they cannot cope. Lots of ex veterans' relationships break because they have been gone for so long and have been through so much, that nothing is normal anymore. A lot of them turn to alcohol, crime and substance abuse to ease them and make their life a tiny bit better.

Social connotations, veterans and homelessness

• PTSD- post traumatic stress disorder
• Alcohol/substance abuse
• unemployment 
• marriages breaking down
• waiting for mental health and medical attention
• waiting list for benefits
• no priorities for armed forces

Deserving poor

• Veterans 
• disabilities
• asylum seekers
• refugees with good intentions

Underserving poor

• wasters
• over eaters
• 7 kids that cannot afford them
• people that do not want to work 
• addicts
• ex criminals
• foreign beggars
• lazy refugees

Covering his eyes makes him anonymous with no identity because you cannot see anything. This could also represent that he is blinded from the real world after the war because everything is different and he is physically and mentally scarred. He is in black and white which also could suggest no colour, no identity. Ex soldiers have given up their lives, physically and mentally because nothing will be the same again. Use of green on the helmet links to army, peace and nature. The camouflage on the help could suggest he is hiding and blending in. This could also represent they are hiding their illness from the world. Still at war, even after the war they are still fighting inside and homelessness. The helmet could be worn to protect him from his mental health issues. Fighting for future, fighting for future generations and own life. Fighting for us, but no one is fighting for them. Poppy represents remembrance, in Flander's field the poppies grew when nothing else did. The red poppy links to blood and death of the soldiers. Poppy shows respect for the dead. 

At least 13,000 hero soldiers left HOMELESS

And almost all are struggling with the devastating affects of PTSD, which often leads to other problems, including addictions to drugs and alcohol.

Nearly all the homeless veterans we come across have PTSD or some form of mental health ­problem. Once they leave the Army, they loose their support structure.

“Those suffering from PTSD will often turn to drink and that can have an impact on the marriage and in a short period of time a veteran can find himself homeless.“We estimate 13,000 but we ­believe it’s an ­accurate figure from what our outreach teams are seeing.

Charity bosses say the problem has been made worse by cuts to the armed forces, which has led to almost 30,000 troops losing their jobs since 2010.

•Most media studies on poverty point in the direction of a recurring observation that usually the poor are presented in one of two contrasting frames: the ‘deserving poor’ and the ‘undeserving poor’.

•While the frame of deserving poor employs a sympathetic treatment of the poor, the frame of the undeserving poor is built upon the rhetoric of deficiency in individuals who are portrayed as a burden on the taxpayer due to their dependency on welfare policies

•(see also, scroungerphobia, Golding & Middleton, 1982)

Cultivation theory

Theory: Cultivation theory states that high frequency viewers of television are more susceptible to media messages and the belief that they are real and valid. Heavy viewers are exposed to more violence and therefore are effected by the Mean World Syndrome, the belief that the world is a far worse and dangerous place then it actually is. According to the theory heavy viewing of television is creating a homogeneous and fearful populace, however so many studies have been done in this area that really no one knows how or even if violence on TV or in film negatively or positively affects its audience.

Now cultivation theory has taken on a more general definition in regards to mass media. It now extends to encompass the idea that television colours our perception of the world. For example; if someone stays inside and watch news about crime all day, they might be inclined to believe that the crime rate is far higher than it actually is and they might easily become the victim of a crime. Or in another sense heavy viewership of any media   can perpetuate stereotypes both positive and negative. It really comes down to the question of to what extent does reality shape TV and vice versa.

23/11/2018

You will create an essay on isue 1332 of the Big issue: Still at War.  You will anaylyse the media language and media representations associated with the front cover.

As part of the essay you will need to discuss the social and politcal contexts which have lead to a rise in homelessness in overall and inparticular within the veteran community

You will also discuss how newspapers (right wing and Big Issue) vary in the way the represent homelessness.  As part of your arguments you are required to use Gerbners theory

This edition of The Big Issue was published near to the 11th November which is the time of the year when we, as a community and a world, come together for a minute silence to remember those who had sadly died. By having a war issue magazine around the time everyone shows respect it suggests that it is still highly symbolic and a day that everyone knows about. People would have been more likely to purchase this issue around the 11th of  November as it highlights the massive problems that ex veterans have to face post leaving the war. It highlights that unfortunately, ex soldiers are still homeless and in need of medical attention and sadly they are not getting any help or sympathy. Without the soldiers, this world wouldn't be the way it is. They helped us, we need to help them.

With the soldier's eyes covered, it presents him as being anonymous with no identity because you cannot see his features. This could also represent that he is blinded from the real world after the war because everything is different and he is physically and mentally scarred. It could also show that he was a soldier for so long, that no one remembers him and he needs to start fresh again. He has been modified so that he is in black and white which also could suggest he has no identity because there is no colour and no expressions. The use of green on his helmet links to army, peace and nature. The camouflage on the helmet could suggest he is hiding and blending in and that it never ends. This could also represent they are hiding their illness from the world and bottling everything up. Unfortunately, as a result of them not speaking about how they feel, this is when medical problems start to get worse and they end up homeless or even dead. The helmet could be worn to protect him from his mental health issues from getting worse or showing anyone. Ex soldiers have given up their lives, physically and mentally because nothing will be the same again.

The line 'the battle for peace and mind' suggests that even post war, the soldiers don't stop having their own battles. The word 'battle' suggests that the ex veterans are desperate to get back to normal and that war, for them, doesn't end as life is a battle. The word 'mind' shows that the soldiers are very physically and mentally scarred which means they cannot forget what they have been through, and everyday the sound of guns and hiding is always on their mind. The other line 'rebuilding lives, fighting for futures' shows that they are fighting for us, but no one is fighting for them. The words 'rebuilding lives' shows that their lives were lost post war and that they had to come out and start from nothing with no support or money. The word 'fighting' again shows that fighting and battling does not stop, even in a 'normal life.' Their futures are a main priority as they have to fight to stay alive in this world with no one their for you. This is then how the problem of homelessness starts because they cannot keep down  job long enough to earn money. Fighting for future, fighting for future generations and own life.

Fighting for us, but no one is fighting for them. The poppy at the top of the page represents remembrance. In Flanders field the poppies grew when nothing else did which is why it is so symbolic to this day. The red on the poppy links to blood and death of the soldiers and they show respect for the dead every year on the 11th.

The social contexts of people becoming homeless are that when the soldiers leave the war into the normal world, they have no money to live on which puts them in a disadvantage because they have to properly start from the bottom and if they have no support or no families, the struggle to make any money will be extremely hard and depressing. If soldiers are lucky enough to leave the war and return to their families and a home and money, this does not always work out for every relationship because they could be too mentally scarred which leads to the break down in marriage. This is another reason why they end up on the streets because they have been kicked out and have no where else to go. The main reason why ex veterans end up on the street is because of mental health issues. They have to wait up to 2 years to gain any help and by this time, normally, the help comes too late and it has either become worse, or they are no longer here with us. From what they have been through, the soldiers wouldn't be able to keep down a job as they are so mentally unstable as they cannot forget what they have been through in the war.

Essay Analysis In Bob We Trust

Essay Analysis "In Bob We Trust"

Task 7:

You will create an essay:

You will analyse the media language and media representation of the xxx issue of the Big Issue “In Bob we trust” . To what extent does the Magazine diverge from mainstream/rightwing depictions of the poor/homeless.  Why is the magazines remit an important factor in the way the magazine represents homelessness?  Discuss the social and political context of homelessness…Discuss the impact of homelessness in Britain today from your research.

Word count minimum 750

The Big Issue is one of UK's leading social businesses and exists to offer homeless people, or
individuals at risk, the opportunity to earn a legitimate income. They offer vendors opportunities of a
life and seek to empower them through their finances and beyond; be it securing a safe place to live,
reconnecting with loved ones, tackling health issues or embarking on training and development
opportunities. They aim to maximise the success of each vendor's selling career and engage them
with opportunities to address the issues that have bought them to us in the first instance or issues that have arisen as a result of their experiences of poverty, social and financial exclusion. Vendors buy the Big Issue for £1.25 and sell it for £2.50. The tag line is " A hand up, not a hand out"

James Bowen was a recovering addict when he took in a stray cat named Bob. The ginger cat helped turn his life around, which led to a best seller and a major feature film. Bob the cat symbolises hope because James was homeless and was giving up until a stray cat kept following him around until James took him in, and they became best friends. This suggests that there is always hope and that no one is really on their own, even in the darkest of times. A social worker helped him to get him off the streets and into housing which also shows there is still good in the world and that not everyone turns away from someone in need of help. 

" In Bob we trust" has a link to the US Dollar "In God we trust". This symbolises that Bob is
associated with God which infers he has a supernatural power and in times of need, he is there to help
people and give them hope and a light at the end of the tunnel. Just as James' life couldn't get any
worse, Bob came as a miracle and changed that completely.  The front cover of the Big Issue has
been done on a wide shot which therefore shows all of Bob and where he is, and the bright, saturated
yellow will attract any audience straight away as it is the part that stands out first. This contrasts with
the dark colour for the background. This could represent that in the dullest of times, there is light and
hope. The slogan "In Bob we trust" makes it memorable because it has links to the US dollar and
God. They would have wanted to make it memorable for when the vendors are selling them, trying to
make as much money as possible.  The mode of address for the cat is very direct as he looking
straight at us which makes it seem quite personal because it could reflect that they are relying on us to
buy the magazine, and help someone out. It also lures people in as Bob, the famous cat, is looking at
us straight. Bob is in the centre of the Big Issue which shows he is most important and what people
will want to read about.